Red, irritated eyes are one of the most common complaints eye doctors see in practice. But “red eye” is not a diagnosis, it’s a symptom that can have many different causes. From something as simple as allergies to more serious conditions like keratitis or cellulitis, figuring out the true cause requires a careful eye examination.
An important takeaway: optometrists are trained to diagnose and treat many kinds of eye infections and inflammations. Yet, many people assume they should see their family doctor first. In reality, your optometrist is often the best first step for accurate diagnosis, tailored treatment, and protecting long-term vision health.
Eye infections can vary widely in severity and cause. Here are some of the most common ones:
It’s also important to note that eye infections can often mimic allergic reactions, making diagnosis more challenging. For example, red watery eyes during allergy season may resemble viral conjunctivitis. Because many of these conditions share similar symptoms, a professional eye exam is crucial for a correct diagnosis.
While mild irritation may be harmless, certain symptoms should raise concern. Common signs of eye infection include:
Some patients may also experience systemic symptoms, like fever or swelling that spreads beyond the eyelid. These can signal a more severe infection that requires immediate medical attention.
If you notice any of the above symptoms, it’s advised you book an appointment with your optometrist.
You should seek urgent care if:
Optometrists can diagnose whether the cause is bacterial, viral, allergic, or inflammatory, and begin appropriate treatment, whether that’s prescription medication, in-office management, or referral if needed.
This is especially important for infections like keratitis or cellulitis, where quick action can prevent serious complications.
Good habits can help lower your risk or eye infections:
Lifestyle factors also play a role. Poor sleep, unmanaged allergies, and even diet can influence eye health. For example, staying hydrated and maintaining a healthy diet can support healthy tear production and reduce risk of recurrent irritation. Pairing these habits with regular eye exams creates a proactive approach to preventing infections.
While many eye infections are mild, untreated or misdiagnosed cases can lead to complications. For instance, bacterial keratitis can scar the cornea. Orbital cellulitis can spread to surrounding tissues leading to serious health risks. Even recurrent styes or chronic blepharitis can affect comfort and daily vision if left unmanaged.
At-home measures can ease minor irritation, but if an infection is suspected, professional care is essential. Optometrists can:
For more details on urgent situations, visit our Eye Emergencies page.
Eye infections are common but their causes and treatments vary greatly. What looks like a simple “red eye" may actually be an infection that requires professional attention. If your eyes are swollen, red, or painful, don’t wait it out - book an exam with your optometrist.
Conjunctivitis, styes, keratitis, and blepharitis are among the most common. More serious but less common infections include dacryocystitis and orbital cellulitis.
It can be difficult to tell without an exam. Viral infections often cause watery discharge, while bacterial ones may produce thick yellow or green discharge. An optometrist can distinguish between them.
Some mild viral infections resolve without treatment, but bacterial and more serious infections need professional care to prevent complications.
Optometrists are highly trained to diagnose and treat eye infections and often the best first stop for red, irritated, or painful eyes.
Yes, certain eye infections such as viral and bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye) are highly contagious. They can spread through direct contact, contaminated surfaces, or shared personal items. Practicing good hygiene, avoiding eye rubbing, and not sharing towels or cosmetics can help reduce the risk of spreading the infection.
No. Wearing contact lenses while you have an eye infection can worsen irritation, slow down healing, and even increase the risk of complications. It’s best to stop lens wear and follow your optometrist’s treatment plan.
